c 7 vocab notes flash cards

Chapter 7 Cellular respiration and fermentation Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing fuels fermentation, aerobic respiration, cullular respiration, redox reactions-oxidation and reduction, electron transport chain, Nad+  NADH, 4 steps: Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation citric acid cycle,, oxidative phosphorylation. substrate level phosphorylation vs oxidative phosphorylation., Glycolysis harvests chemical energy (2 net ATP) by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate: investment phase, coupled reactions, Energy payoff phase After pyruvate is oxidized, the citric acid cycle completes the energy yeilding oxidation of organic molecules acetyl CoA, citric acid, oxalacetate, CO2 released NADH, FADH2, ATP Redox reaction store energy in electron transfer molecules in electrons and protons. During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to form a proton gradient to tdrive the synthesis of ATP electron transport chain,, cytochromes, chemiosomosis, proton gradient in intermembrane space, ATP formation in mitochondrial matrix, ATP symthase, proton-motive force, oxidative phosphorylation, oxygen is the final electron acceptor, without oxygen the STC and the citric acid cycle stop and fermentation occurs, accounting of energy in each step, 34% efficient, Fermentation alcoholic fermentation, lactic acid fermentation, obligate anaerobes, falcultative anaerobes,