April vacation hw

A. P. Bio- The language of ecology Know these terms and concepts population community exponential growth j curve on a graph unlimited resources linear growth carrying capacity- resources limit growth and it levels off it is the symbol K logistic growth - s curve, as the population ‘n’ approaches K, the growth rate decreases dramatically density dispersion limiting factors examples phosphorus in lakes density-dependent factors density-independent factors example tomatoes die in a frost regardless of how densely they grow population cycles-how boom bust cycles really work, must read asexual reproductive advantage competition interference competition exploitive competition competitive exclusion principle- two species occupying same niche , only one will survive the other is outcompeted niche ecological niche predation population dynamics biodiversity symbiosis- most organisms have some kind of relationship with another organism parasitism mutualism succession ecosystem biotic factors abiotic factors flow of energy- 10 percent rule-10% of mass or energy goes to the next level. At each trophic level there is a 90% loss as heat, it can be measured, due to cellular respiration, feces, etc…can be a math problem food chains food web- arrows follow the flow of energy biomass productivity producers consumers carnivore herbivore detritivore nutrient cycles Batesian and mullerian mimicry- batesian are fakes, while mullerian all have the real ‘weapon’ Biomes- large areas defined by latitude and yearly rainfall/climate have similar sets of plants and organisms on diff continents. Typical questions and concepts 1.What determines where populations gather or are concentrated? 2. What limits populations on land or water? 3. What are density dependent factors? What are density independent factors and why do they work on the entire population? 4.What are three parts of the s curve? 5. What happens as n approaches k in the population equation? 6. Do populations of prey change because of their predators or due to density independent factors? 7. Where does 90 % of the mass go as you climb the trophic pyramid? In what forms? 8. Decomposers do not fit on the trophic levels, how are they involved in the 90% loss of energy? 9. Where does all the energy originate from and where does the 90% of energy go at each level when lost, and in what form? 10. If producers are reduced what happens to the rest of the populations? 11. Two fish species share the same food source and habitat what will happen to them over time? 12. If there are too many batesian mimics what happens to the effect mullerians have? 13. net productivity of a plant is the total amount of carbohydrates made – the total amount of carbohydrates that they________? Or Ps - _____? 14. How do carnivore and herbivore digestive systems differ and why? 15. HOW DO THE NUTRIENTS CYCLE IN A WATERY ENVIRONMENT WHERE ALL THE DEAD STUFF FLOWS TO THE BOTTOM AND ALGAE LIVE IN THE TOP PHOTIC ZONE? 16. Proteins break down into __________ __________ that break down into ________ for plants? 17. carbohydrates break down into ________ and ________ for plants. 18. Rhizobium bacteria have what role with legumes? Why? 19. Primary succession is the succsion of organisms on new land, what is the order from beginning to climax? 20. secondary is different because the soil is already there, and does not have to be produced, along with seeds and animals that can move in, what is a cause for secondary succession? Essay: Use vocab, ex austotroph heterotroph decomposer etc introduce concepts, give real specific examples. How are animals, plants and bacteria interdependent with respect to: A. cellular respiration and photosynthesis B. their unique Proteins C. Energy flow D. populations